La infancia y la adolescencia ante las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs): oportunidades, riesgos y daño
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Publicado
29-05-2020
Gemma Martínez
Maialen Garmendia
Carmelo Garitaonandia
Resumen
Los menores están creciendo en un sistema de convergencia mediática que les proporciona oportunidades para la socialización, la auto-expresión, el aprendizaje, la creatividad y la participación a través de los medios online y, crecientemente, los medios móviles. Sin embargo, además de las oportunidades que ofrece Internet, los niños y niñas también experimentan riesgos evidenciando la interdependencia de ambos: cuanto más usan los menores internet, mayor es la gama de oportunidades que tienen y mayor es la probabilidad de exposición a experiencias de riesgo.
Cómo citar
Martínez, G., Garmendia, M., & Garitaonandia, C. (2020). La infancia y la adolescencia ante las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs): oportunidades, riesgos y daño. ZER: Revista De Estudios De Comunicación = Komunikazio Ikasketen Aldizkaria, 25(48). https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.21116
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Keywords
adolescencia, infancia, smartphones, Tecnologías de la Información, oportunidades, riesgos.
References
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Bertel, T. y Stald, G. (2013). From SMS to SNS: the use of the internet on the mobile phone among young Danes. En K. Cumiskey y L. Hjorth (Eds.) Mobile media practices, presence and politics. The challenge of being seamlessly mobile, 198-213. New York: Routledge.
Boyd, D. (2008) Why youth (heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (ed.) Youth, identity and digital media (pp. 119-142). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Buchanan, L., Yeatman, H., Kelly, B., & Kariippanon, K. A thematic content analysis of how marketers promote energy drinks on digital platforms to young Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2018; 42:530-2; doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12840
Buckinggham, D. & Bragg, S. (2004). Young people, sex and the media, Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.
Edwards-Gaura, A., Whitaker, D., & Self-Brown, S. (2014). Can Social Networking Be Used to Promote Engagement in Child Maltreatment Prevention Programs? Two Pilot Studies. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume XV, no. 5, pages 575-581. Available through open access at. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2014.4.21413.
Ey, L-A. & Cupit, C.G. (2011). Exploring young children's understanding of risk associated with Internet usage and their concepts of management strategies. Journal of Early Chilhood Research 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X10367471.
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Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., Karrera, I., Larrañaga, N., Casado, M. A., Martínez, G. y Garitaoanadia, C. (2019) Actividades, Mediación, Oportunidades y Riesgos online de los menores en la era de la convergencia mediática. León: Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad (INCIBE)
Goggin, G. (2010). Global mobile media. New York: Routledge.
Goggin, G., Hjorth, L. (2014). The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media. New York: Routledge.
Haddon, L. (2004). Information and communication technologies in everyday life. Oxford: Berg.
Hjorth, L. & Goggin, G. (2009). Mobile technologies: From telecommunications to media. London: Routledge.
Ito, M. et al. (2009), Hanging out, messing around and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kernaghan, D., & Elwood, J. (2013). All the (cyber) world's a stage: Framing cyberbullying as a performance. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(1), article 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2013-1-5
Kofoed, J. & Ringrose, J. (2012). Travelling and sticky affects: Exploring teens and sexualized cyberbullying through a Butlerian-Deleuzian-Guattarian lens. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 33(1), 5-20.
Lampert, C. & Donoso, V. (2012). Bullying. In Livingstone, S. Haddon, L. & Görzig, A. (Ed.), Children, risk and safety on the internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. (pp. 165-176). Bristol: Policy Press.
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Lenhart, A. (2009). Teens and sexting: How and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: http://pewresearch.org/assets/pdf/teens-and-sexting.pdf.
Levy, N., Cortesi, S., Crowley, E., Beaton, M., Casey, J., & Nolan, C. (2012). Bullying in a networked era: A literature review. Berkman Center Research Publication, 17. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2012/kbw_bulling_in_a_networked_era.
Lim MSC, Cooper S, Lewis L, et al. (2019) Prospective mixed methods study of online and offline social networks and the development of sexual agency in adolescence: the Social Networks and Agency Project (SNAP) protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e024329. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2018-024329
Ling, R. S. (2008). New tech, new ties. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Livingstone S, Kirwil L, Ponte C, et al (2013). In their own words: what bothers children online? with the EU Kids Online Network. London, UK: London School of Economics and Political Science.
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full findings. London: LSE, EU Kids Online.
Livingstone, S., Hasebrink, U. & Görzig, A. (2012). Towards a general model of determinants of risks and safety. In S. Livingstone, L. Haddon, & A. Görzig (eds.) Children, risk and safety on the internet (pp. 323-339). Bristol: Policy Press.
Mascheroni, G. y Holloway, D. (2019). The quantified child: Discourses and practices of dataveillance in different life stages. En Erstad, O., Flewitt, R., Kümmerling-Meibauer, B. and Pires Pereira, I. (Eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Digital Literacies in Early Childhood. London: Routledge
Mascheroni, G. y Ólafsson, K. (2014) Net Children Go Mobile: Risks and opportunities (2nd edn). Milano: Educatt.
Mascheroni, G., y Holloway, D. (Eds.) (2017). The Internet of Toys: A report on media and social discourses around young children and IoToys. DigiLitEY.
Mascheroni, G., y Ólafsson, K. (2018). Accesso, usi, rischi e opportunità di internet per i ragazzi italiani. I primi risultati di EU Kids Online 2017. EU Kids Online e OssCom.
Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2014). "It's just drama": teen perspectives on conflict and aggression in a networked era. Journal of Youth Studies. DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2014.901493
Matsuda, M. (2005). Mobile communication and selective sociality. En M. Ito, D. Okabe, y M. Matsuda (Eds.) Personal, portable, pedestrian. Mobile phones in Japanese life, 23-142. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nie, N.H. (2001) Sociability, interpersonal relations and the internet: reconciling conflicting findings. American Behavioural Scientist, 45 (3), 420–435.
Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012). A qualitative study of children, young people and 'sexting': A report prepared for the NSPCC. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
Romer, D., & Moreno, M. (2017). Digital Media and Risks for Adolescent Substance Abuse and Problematic Gambling. PEDIATRICS Volume 140, number s2. DOI: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1542/ peds. 2016- 1758L
Rovolis, A. & Tsaliki, L. (2012). Harm, childhood and appropriate media content: an ongoing debate. In Livingstone, S. Haddon, L. & Görzig, A. (Ed.), Children, risk and safety on the internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. (pp. 165-176). Retrieved from https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=R__hfWbE3DwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA165&dq=Rovolis+%26+Tsaliki,+2012&ots=xiCXXG_FuA&sig=VbOEgc9nF6GblTiT19TPwF_4-vs#v=onepage&q=Rovolis%20%26%20Tsaliki%2C%202012&f=false
Schrock, A. & Boyd, D. (2008). Online threats to youth: Solicitation, harassment, and problematic content: Literature review prepared for the Internet Safety Technical Task Force. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/RAB_Lit_Review_121808_0.pdf
The Food Foundation (2017). UK'S RESTRICTIONS ON JUNK FOOD ADVERTISING TO CHILDREN. Disponible en: www.foodfoundation.org.uk.
Vandoninck, S. y d'Haenens, L. (2018). Resiliencia online: la capacidad de minimizar el impacto de los riesgos y de gestionar las situaciones potencialmente dañinas en internet. En Jiménez, E., Garmendia, M. y Casado, M. A. (Eds.) Entre selfies y whatsapps. Oprtunidades y riesgos para la infancia y la adolescencia conectada, 189-208. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Vandoninck, S., d'Haenens, L., & Roe, K. (2013). Online risks: Coping strategies of less resilient children and teenagers across Europe. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 60-78.
Ybarra, M.L. & Mitchel, J.M. (2014). "Sexting" and Its Relation to Sexual Activity and Sexual Risk Behavior in a National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 757-764.
Barbouschi, M. Marinescu, V. Velicu, Anca & Laszlo, E. (2012). Meeting new contacts online. In Livingstone, S. Haddon, L. & Görzig, A. (Ed.), Children, risk and safety on the internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. (pp. 177-189). Bristol: Policy Press.
Bertel, T. y Stald, G. (2013). From SMS to SNS: the use of the internet on the mobile phone among young Danes. En K. Cumiskey y L. Hjorth (Eds.) Mobile media practices, presence and politics. The challenge of being seamlessly mobile, 198-213. New York: Routledge.
Boyd, D. (2008) Why youth (heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (ed.) Youth, identity and digital media (pp. 119-142). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Buchanan, L., Yeatman, H., Kelly, B., & Kariippanon, K. A thematic content analysis of how marketers promote energy drinks on digital platforms to young Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2018; 42:530-2; doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12840
Buckinggham, D. & Bragg, S. (2004). Young people, sex and the media, Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.
Edwards-Gaura, A., Whitaker, D., & Self-Brown, S. (2014). Can Social Networking Be Used to Promote Engagement in Child Maltreatment Prevention Programs? Two Pilot Studies. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume XV, no. 5, pages 575-581. Available through open access at. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2014.4.21413.
Ey, L-A. & Cupit, C.G. (2011). Exploring young children's understanding of risk associated with Internet usage and their concepts of management strategies. Journal of Early Chilhood Research 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X10367471.
Garmendia, M. Jiménez, E., Casado, M.A. y Mascheroni, G. (2016). Net Children Go Mobile: Riesgos y oportunidades en internet y el uso de dispositivos móviles entre menores españoles (2010-2015). Madrid: Red.es/Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.
Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., Karrera, I., Larrañaga, N., Casado, M. A., Martínez, G. y Garitaoanadia, C. (2019) Actividades, Mediación, Oportunidades y Riesgos online de los menores en la era de la convergencia mediática. León: Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad (INCIBE)
Goggin, G. (2010). Global mobile media. New York: Routledge.
Goggin, G., Hjorth, L. (2014). The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media. New York: Routledge.
Haddon, L. (2004). Information and communication technologies in everyday life. Oxford: Berg.
Hjorth, L. & Goggin, G. (2009). Mobile technologies: From telecommunications to media. London: Routledge.
Ito, M. et al. (2009), Hanging out, messing around and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kernaghan, D., & Elwood, J. (2013). All the (cyber) world's a stage: Framing cyberbullying as a performance. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(1), article 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2013-1-5
Kofoed, J. & Ringrose, J. (2012). Travelling and sticky affects: Exploring teens and sexualized cyberbullying through a Butlerian-Deleuzian-Guattarian lens. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 33(1), 5-20.
Lampert, C. & Donoso, V. (2012). Bullying. In Livingstone, S. Haddon, L. & Görzig, A. (Ed.), Children, risk and safety on the internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. (pp. 165-176). Bristol: Policy Press.
Lenhart A. (2015). Teens, Social Media & Technology Overview. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2015/04/PI_TeensandTech_Update2015_0409151.pdf.
Lenhart, A. (2009). Teens and sexting: How and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: http://pewresearch.org/assets/pdf/teens-and-sexting.pdf.
Levy, N., Cortesi, S., Crowley, E., Beaton, M., Casey, J., & Nolan, C. (2012). Bullying in a networked era: A literature review. Berkman Center Research Publication, 17. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2012/kbw_bulling_in_a_networked_era.
Lim MSC, Cooper S, Lewis L, et al. (2019) Prospective mixed methods study of online and offline social networks and the development of sexual agency in adolescence: the Social Networks and Agency Project (SNAP) protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e024329. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2018-024329
Ling, R. S. (2008). New tech, new ties. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Livingstone S, Kirwil L, Ponte C, et al (2013). In their own words: what bothers children online? with the EU Kids Online Network. London, UK: London School of Economics and Political Science.
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full findings. London: LSE, EU Kids Online.
Livingstone, S., Hasebrink, U. & Görzig, A. (2012). Towards a general model of determinants of risks and safety. In S. Livingstone, L. Haddon, & A. Görzig (eds.) Children, risk and safety on the internet (pp. 323-339). Bristol: Policy Press.
Mascheroni, G. y Holloway, D. (2019). The quantified child: Discourses and practices of dataveillance in different life stages. En Erstad, O., Flewitt, R., Kümmerling-Meibauer, B. and Pires Pereira, I. (Eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Digital Literacies in Early Childhood. London: Routledge
Mascheroni, G. y Ólafsson, K. (2014) Net Children Go Mobile: Risks and opportunities (2nd edn). Milano: Educatt.
Mascheroni, G., y Holloway, D. (Eds.) (2017). The Internet of Toys: A report on media and social discourses around young children and IoToys. DigiLitEY.
Mascheroni, G., y Ólafsson, K. (2018). Accesso, usi, rischi e opportunità di internet per i ragazzi italiani. I primi risultati di EU Kids Online 2017. EU Kids Online e OssCom.
Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2014). "It's just drama": teen perspectives on conflict and aggression in a networked era. Journal of Youth Studies. DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2014.901493
Matsuda, M. (2005). Mobile communication and selective sociality. En M. Ito, D. Okabe, y M. Matsuda (Eds.) Personal, portable, pedestrian. Mobile phones in Japanese life, 23-142. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Nie, N.H. (2001) Sociability, interpersonal relations and the internet: reconciling conflicting findings. American Behavioural Scientist, 45 (3), 420–435.
Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012). A qualitative study of children, young people and 'sexting': A report prepared for the NSPCC. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
Romer, D., & Moreno, M. (2017). Digital Media and Risks for Adolescent Substance Abuse and Problematic Gambling. PEDIATRICS Volume 140, number s2. DOI: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1542/ peds. 2016- 1758L
Rovolis, A. & Tsaliki, L. (2012). Harm, childhood and appropriate media content: an ongoing debate. In Livingstone, S. Haddon, L. & Görzig, A. (Ed.), Children, risk and safety on the internet: Research and policy challenges in comparative perspective. (pp. 165-176). Retrieved from https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=R__hfWbE3DwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA165&dq=Rovolis+%26+Tsaliki,+2012&ots=xiCXXG_FuA&sig=VbOEgc9nF6GblTiT19TPwF_4-vs#v=onepage&q=Rovolis%20%26%20Tsaliki%2C%202012&f=false
Schrock, A. & Boyd, D. (2008). Online threats to youth: Solicitation, harassment, and problematic content: Literature review prepared for the Internet Safety Technical Task Force. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/RAB_Lit_Review_121808_0.pdf
The Food Foundation (2017). UK'S RESTRICTIONS ON JUNK FOOD ADVERTISING TO CHILDREN. Disponible en: www.foodfoundation.org.uk.
Vandoninck, S. y d'Haenens, L. (2018). Resiliencia online: la capacidad de minimizar el impacto de los riesgos y de gestionar las situaciones potencialmente dañinas en internet. En Jiménez, E., Garmendia, M. y Casado, M. A. (Eds.) Entre selfies y whatsapps. Oprtunidades y riesgos para la infancia y la adolescencia conectada, 189-208. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Vandoninck, S., d'Haenens, L., & Roe, K. (2013). Online risks: Coping strategies of less resilient children and teenagers across Europe. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 60-78.
Ybarra, M.L. & Mitchel, J.M. (2014). "Sexting" and Its Relation to Sexual Activity and Sexual Risk Behavior in a National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 757-764.
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