Sexualidad y religión en la esfera pública. Opiniones de estudiantes franceses sobre la mediatización de la esfera íntima
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Publicado
26-11-2020
Mihaela-Aleksandra Tudor
Stefan Bratosin
Resumen
Este artículo explora la participación pasiva de los estudiantes franceses en la construcción de la opinión pública sobre sexualidad y religión. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 375 estudiantes franceses, entre 18 y 23 años, inscritos en segundo año de la licenciatura en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, en un entorno controlado de investigación documental, producción discursiva y creatividad audiovisual. La experiencia tuvo lugar durante dos años consecutivos, 2017-2018 y 2018-2019. El experimento se basó en tres exploraciones distintas correspondientes a diversas experiencias cognitivas individuales dirigidas a la representación, expresión y significado de los límites íntimos asignados por los estudiantes en relación con la exhibición pública mediatizada de la sexualidad y la religión. La opinión de los estudiantes franceses sobre la mediatización de la esfera íntima a través de su participación pasiva en la construcción de opinión, alimenta dos escenarios: la privatización de la esfera pública y la mercantilización de la esfera íntima.
Cómo citar
Tudor, M.-A., & Bratosin, S. (2020). Sexualidad y religión en la esfera pública. Opiniones de estudiantes franceses sobre la mediatización de la esfera íntima. ZER: Revista De Estudios De Comunicación = Komunikazio Ikasketen Aldizkaria, 25(49). https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.21612
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Keywords
Estudiantes franceses, esfera íntima y pública, opinión pública mediatizada, participación pasiva, religión, sexualidad
References
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Bauman Z. (2013), La vie liquide. Paris: Fayard.
Becta. (2003). What the research says about digital video and teaching and learning. http://www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/wtrs_digitalvideo.pdf
Bellerose, M. (2008). De la religion dans la sphère publique: Déprivatisation de la religion ou publicisation du privé? Franciscanum. Revista de las ciencias del espíritu, 50(149), 63-93.
Berrebi-Hoffmann, I. (2010). Les métamorphoses de l'intime: Repenser les relations entre le public et le privé au travail. Empan, 77(1), 13-17. doi:10.3917/empa.077.0013.
Bonicco, C. (2006). Goffman et l’ordre de l’interaction: un exemple de sociologie compréhensive. Philonsorbonne, 48(129), 31-48.
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417.
Bratosin, S. (2001). La concertation: forme symbolique de l'action collective. Paris: L'Harmattan.
Bratosin, S. (2018). Medializaçao, espirito pos-neoprotestante e etica do capitalismo afetivo. In Ferreira J et al. (Eds.), Entre o que se diz e o que se pensa : onde està a midiatizaçao (pp. 189-219). Santa Maria-RS: Facos-Ufsm. http://midiaticom.org/files/entreoquesedizeoquesepensa.pdf
Carver, T., & Mottier, V. (1998). Politics of sexuality: Identity, gender, citizenship (Vol. 4). UK: Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science.
Casanova, J. (1994). Public religions in the modern world. Chicago/London. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Cassirer, E. (1972). La philosophie des formes symboliques: La phénoménologie de la connaissance. Paris: Minuit.
Cassirer, E. (1975). Essai sur l’homme. Paris: Minuit.
Dubois, E., Gruzd, A., & Jacobson, J. (2018). Journalists’ use of social media to infer public opinion: The Citizens’ Perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 36, Online first, 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318791527
Dutertre, M. (2013). Collusions. Paris: Du Panthéon.
Dragoman, D. (2011). Activisme civique, protestation et contextes politiques. Comparer la Roumanie et la Suisse. Sociologie Romaneasca, 9(3), 121-140.
Ebstyne King, P. (2003). Religion and identity: The role of ideological, social, and spiritual contexts. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 197-204.
Ergler, C. (2011). Beyond Passive Participation: Children as Collaborators in Understanding Neighbourhood Experience. Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 7(2), 78-98.
Franco, A. & Marques Vieira, R. (2018). Educating for critical thinking in university: The criticality of critical thinking in education and everyday life. Essachess. Journal for Communication Studies, 11(22), 131-144. http://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/429/463
Gauchet, M. (1998). La religion dans la démocratie. Parcours de la laïcité. Paris: Gallimard.
Gefen, D., Ragowsky, A., & Ridings, C. (2008). Leadership and justice: increasing non participating users’ assessment of an IT through passive participation. Information & Management, 45(8), 507-512.
Gero, J. S., & Maher, M. L. (2013). Modeling creativity and knowledge-based creative design. UK: Psychology Press.
Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy-sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Glynn, C. J. et al. (1997). Perceived support for one's opinions and willingness to speak out: A meta-analysis of survey studies on the" spiral of silence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(3), 452-463.
Goffman, E. (1988). L’ordre de l’interaction. Les moments et leurs hommes. Paris: Minuit.
Hayes, A. F. (2007). Exploring the forms of self‐censorship: On the Spiral of Silence and the use of opinion expression avoidance strategies. Journal of Communication, 57(4), 785-802.
Hoover, S. M. (2003). Religion, media and identity: Theory and method in audience research on religion and media. In Mediated Religion: Conversations in media, religion and culture (pp. 9-19). New York: T&T Clark.
Honneth, A. (1992). Kampf um Anerkennung. Zur moralischen Grammatik sozialer Konfiikte. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
Hornsby, J. (2007). A disjunctive conception of acting for reasons. In A. Haddock & F. MacPherson (Eds.), Disjunctivism: perception, action, knowledge (pp. 244-261). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hubbard, P. (2001). Sex zones: Intimacy, citizenship and public space. Sexualities, 4(1), 51-71.
Hunsberger, B., Pratt, M., & Pancer, S. M. (2001). Adolescent identity formation: Religious exploration and commitment. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 1, 365–386.
Johansson, T. (2016). The transformation of sexuality: Gender and identity in contemporary youth culture. UK: Routledge.
Juszczyk, S. (2004). Media influence on children and adolescents. The New Educational Review, 2(3), 93-112.
Kim, M. (2016). Facebook's Spiral of Silence and participation: The Role of political expression on Facebook and partisan strength in political participation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(12), 696-702.
Livingstone, S. (2009). On the Mediation of Everything: ICA Presidential Address 2008. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 1-18.
Lövheim, M. (2013). Young people, religious identity, and the internet. In Religion Online (pp. 67-82). UK: Routledge.
Lupia, A., McCubbins, M. D., & Arthur, L. (1998). The democratic dilemma: Can citizens learn what they need to know? Cambridge: University Press.
McDevitt, M. et al. (2003). Spiral of Moderation: Opinion Expression in Computer-Mediated Discussion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15(4), 454-470.
Mehl, D. (1996). La télévision de l’intimité. Paris: Seuil.
Messina, A. (2018). La violence sexuelle après Hollywood. Esprit, avril(4), 33-36.
Meyer, M. D. (2013). Media, Sexuality and Identity: Thoughts on the Role Text, Audience and Production Play in Cultural Discourse. Sexuality & Culture, 17(3), 379-383.
Mininni, G., Ghiglione, R. & Sales-Wuillemin, E. (1995). The intralocutor's diatextual frame. Journal of Pragmatics, 24(5), 471-487.
Moran, L. J. (2017). Sexuality and identity. UK: Routledge.
Muxel, A. (2015). La politisation par l’intime: Parler politique avec ses proches. Revue Française de
Science Politique, 65(4), 541-562.
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The Spiral of Silence a Theory of Public Opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51.
Olivier, A.P. (2015) La théorie de la reconnaissance : un modèle critique pour l’éducation ? In M. Fabre & C. Gohier (Eds.) Les valeurs éducatives au risque du néo-libéralisme (pp. 79-90). Rouen et Havre: PURH.
Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2018). La compétence numérique de gestion des frontières sur les réseaux sociaux numériques : un capital culturel technologique à la Bourdieu. Lien Social et Politiques, 81, 121–137.
Oppong, S. H. (2013). Religion and identity. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(6), 10-16.
Post, R. C. (2000). Three concepts of privacy. Geo. LJ, 89, 2087-2098.
Ricœur, P. (1986). Du texte à l’action: Essais d’herméneutique II. Paris : Seuil.
Richardson, D. (1998). Sexuality and citizenship. Sociology, 32(1), 83-100.
Sabat, J. (2019). Sociologie, normativité et problèmes sociaux: Quelle place pour la critique? Essachess. Journal for Communication Studies, 12(23), 167-185. http://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/449/477
Sauvaget, D. & Skrzypek, C. (2010). Secret partagé et préservation de l'intime. Empan, 77(1), 58-61. doi:10.3917/empa.077.0058.
Spinner-Halev, J. (2000). Surviving diversity: Religion and democratic citizenship. Baltimore MD: JHU Press.
Stoycheff, E. (2016). Under surveillance: Examining Facebook’s spiral of silence effects in the wake of NSA Internet monitoring. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 296-311.
Strauss, L. A. (1992). Miroirs et masques. Une introduction à l'interactionnisme. Paris: A.-M. Métailié.
Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P. M., & Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 651-666.
Tudor, M.A., & Bratosin, S. (2020). Croire en la technologie : médiatisation du futur et futur de la médiatisation. Revue Communication, 37(1), 1-16, https://journals.openedition.org/communication/11021.
Underwood, G. F. (2019). Sex, education and influence on body image and identity. Georgia Journal of Science, 77(1), 59.
Urban, J., & Bulkow, K. (2013). Tracing public opinion online–an example of use for social network analysis in communication research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 100, 108-126.
Watts, D. J., & Dodds, P. S. (2007). Influentials, networks, and public opinion formation. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 441-458.
Weeks, J., Maudet M., & Thomé, C. (2015). La sexualité est forcément politique. Entretien avec Jeffrey Weeks. Genre, Sexualité & Société, 14, 1-18.
Wei-dong, H., Qian, W., & Jie, C. (2018). Tracing public opinion propagation and emotional evolution based on public emergencies in social networks. International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, 13(1), 129-142.
White, A. E., Moeller, J., Ivcevic, Z., & Brackett, M. A. (2018). Gender identity and sexual identity labels used by U.S. high school students: A co-occurrence network analysis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(2), 243-252.
Zhang, L. et al. (2018). The research on social networks public opinion propagation influence models and its controllability. China Communications, 15(7), 98-110.
Atifi, H., & Touati, Z. (2020). Nouvelles revendications féministes et médias numériques. Contournement des interdits sociaux et religieux en Tunisie et Maroc. ESSACHESS – Journal for Communication Studies 13(25), 179–208, https://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/485/498.
Bauman Z. (2013), La vie liquide. Paris: Fayard.
Becta. (2003). What the research says about digital video and teaching and learning. http://www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/wtrs_digitalvideo.pdf
Bellerose, M. (2008). De la religion dans la sphère publique: Déprivatisation de la religion ou publicisation du privé? Franciscanum. Revista de las ciencias del espíritu, 50(149), 63-93.
Berrebi-Hoffmann, I. (2010). Les métamorphoses de l'intime: Repenser les relations entre le public et le privé au travail. Empan, 77(1), 13-17. doi:10.3917/empa.077.0013.
Bonicco, C. (2006). Goffman et l’ordre de l’interaction: un exemple de sociologie compréhensive. Philonsorbonne, 48(129), 31-48.
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417.
Bratosin, S. (2001). La concertation: forme symbolique de l'action collective. Paris: L'Harmattan.
Bratosin, S. (2018). Medializaçao, espirito pos-neoprotestante e etica do capitalismo afetivo. In Ferreira J et al. (Eds.), Entre o que se diz e o que se pensa : onde està a midiatizaçao (pp. 189-219). Santa Maria-RS: Facos-Ufsm. http://midiaticom.org/files/entreoquesedizeoquesepensa.pdf
Carver, T., & Mottier, V. (1998). Politics of sexuality: Identity, gender, citizenship (Vol. 4). UK: Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science.
Casanova, J. (1994). Public religions in the modern world. Chicago/London. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Cassirer, E. (1972). La philosophie des formes symboliques: La phénoménologie de la connaissance. Paris: Minuit.
Cassirer, E. (1975). Essai sur l’homme. Paris: Minuit.
Dubois, E., Gruzd, A., & Jacobson, J. (2018). Journalists’ use of social media to infer public opinion: The Citizens’ Perspective. Social Science Computer Review, 36, Online first, 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318791527
Dutertre, M. (2013). Collusions. Paris: Du Panthéon.
Dragoman, D. (2011). Activisme civique, protestation et contextes politiques. Comparer la Roumanie et la Suisse. Sociologie Romaneasca, 9(3), 121-140.
Ebstyne King, P. (2003). Religion and identity: The role of ideological, social, and spiritual contexts. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 197-204.
Ergler, C. (2011). Beyond Passive Participation: Children as Collaborators in Understanding Neighbourhood Experience. Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 7(2), 78-98.
Franco, A. & Marques Vieira, R. (2018). Educating for critical thinking in university: The criticality of critical thinking in education and everyday life. Essachess. Journal for Communication Studies, 11(22), 131-144. http://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/429/463
Gauchet, M. (1998). La religion dans la démocratie. Parcours de la laïcité. Paris: Gallimard.
Gefen, D., Ragowsky, A., & Ridings, C. (2008). Leadership and justice: increasing non participating users’ assessment of an IT through passive participation. Information & Management, 45(8), 507-512.
Gero, J. S., & Maher, M. L. (2013). Modeling creativity and knowledge-based creative design. UK: Psychology Press.
Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy-sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Glynn, C. J. et al. (1997). Perceived support for one's opinions and willingness to speak out: A meta-analysis of survey studies on the" spiral of silence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(3), 452-463.
Goffman, E. (1988). L’ordre de l’interaction. Les moments et leurs hommes. Paris: Minuit.
Hayes, A. F. (2007). Exploring the forms of self‐censorship: On the Spiral of Silence and the use of opinion expression avoidance strategies. Journal of Communication, 57(4), 785-802.
Hoover, S. M. (2003). Religion, media and identity: Theory and method in audience research on religion and media. In Mediated Religion: Conversations in media, religion and culture (pp. 9-19). New York: T&T Clark.
Honneth, A. (1992). Kampf um Anerkennung. Zur moralischen Grammatik sozialer Konfiikte. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
Hornsby, J. (2007). A disjunctive conception of acting for reasons. In A. Haddock & F. MacPherson (Eds.), Disjunctivism: perception, action, knowledge (pp. 244-261). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hubbard, P. (2001). Sex zones: Intimacy, citizenship and public space. Sexualities, 4(1), 51-71.
Hunsberger, B., Pratt, M., & Pancer, S. M. (2001). Adolescent identity formation: Religious exploration and commitment. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 1, 365–386.
Johansson, T. (2016). The transformation of sexuality: Gender and identity in contemporary youth culture. UK: Routledge.
Juszczyk, S. (2004). Media influence on children and adolescents. The New Educational Review, 2(3), 93-112.
Kim, M. (2016). Facebook's Spiral of Silence and participation: The Role of political expression on Facebook and partisan strength in political participation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(12), 696-702.
Livingstone, S. (2009). On the Mediation of Everything: ICA Presidential Address 2008. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 1-18.
Lövheim, M. (2013). Young people, religious identity, and the internet. In Religion Online (pp. 67-82). UK: Routledge.
Lupia, A., McCubbins, M. D., & Arthur, L. (1998). The democratic dilemma: Can citizens learn what they need to know? Cambridge: University Press.
McDevitt, M. et al. (2003). Spiral of Moderation: Opinion Expression in Computer-Mediated Discussion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15(4), 454-470.
Mehl, D. (1996). La télévision de l’intimité. Paris: Seuil.
Messina, A. (2018). La violence sexuelle après Hollywood. Esprit, avril(4), 33-36.
Meyer, M. D. (2013). Media, Sexuality and Identity: Thoughts on the Role Text, Audience and Production Play in Cultural Discourse. Sexuality & Culture, 17(3), 379-383.
Mininni, G., Ghiglione, R. & Sales-Wuillemin, E. (1995). The intralocutor's diatextual frame. Journal of Pragmatics, 24(5), 471-487.
Moran, L. J. (2017). Sexuality and identity. UK: Routledge.
Muxel, A. (2015). La politisation par l’intime: Parler politique avec ses proches. Revue Française de
Science Politique, 65(4), 541-562.
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The Spiral of Silence a Theory of Public Opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43–51.
Olivier, A.P. (2015) La théorie de la reconnaissance : un modèle critique pour l’éducation ? In M. Fabre & C. Gohier (Eds.) Les valeurs éducatives au risque du néo-libéralisme (pp. 79-90). Rouen et Havre: PURH.
Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2018). La compétence numérique de gestion des frontières sur les réseaux sociaux numériques : un capital culturel technologique à la Bourdieu. Lien Social et Politiques, 81, 121–137.
Oppong, S. H. (2013). Religion and identity. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 3(6), 10-16.
Post, R. C. (2000). Three concepts of privacy. Geo. LJ, 89, 2087-2098.
Ricœur, P. (1986). Du texte à l’action: Essais d’herméneutique II. Paris : Seuil.
Richardson, D. (1998). Sexuality and citizenship. Sociology, 32(1), 83-100.
Sabat, J. (2019). Sociologie, normativité et problèmes sociaux: Quelle place pour la critique? Essachess. Journal for Communication Studies, 12(23), 167-185. http://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/449/477
Sauvaget, D. & Skrzypek, C. (2010). Secret partagé et préservation de l'intime. Empan, 77(1), 58-61. doi:10.3917/empa.077.0058.
Spinner-Halev, J. (2000). Surviving diversity: Religion and democratic citizenship. Baltimore MD: JHU Press.
Stoycheff, E. (2016). Under surveillance: Examining Facebook’s spiral of silence effects in the wake of NSA Internet monitoring. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 296-311.
Strauss, L. A. (1992). Miroirs et masques. Une introduction à l'interactionnisme. Paris: A.-M. Métailié.
Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P. M., & Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 651-666.
Tudor, M.A., & Bratosin, S. (2020). Croire en la technologie : médiatisation du futur et futur de la médiatisation. Revue Communication, 37(1), 1-16, https://journals.openedition.org/communication/11021.
Underwood, G. F. (2019). Sex, education and influence on body image and identity. Georgia Journal of Science, 77(1), 59.
Urban, J., & Bulkow, K. (2013). Tracing public opinion online–an example of use for social network analysis in communication research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 100, 108-126.
Watts, D. J., & Dodds, P. S. (2007). Influentials, networks, and public opinion formation. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 441-458.
Weeks, J., Maudet M., & Thomé, C. (2015). La sexualité est forcément politique. Entretien avec Jeffrey Weeks. Genre, Sexualité & Société, 14, 1-18.
Wei-dong, H., Qian, W., & Jie, C. (2018). Tracing public opinion propagation and emotional evolution based on public emergencies in social networks. International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, 13(1), 129-142.
White, A. E., Moeller, J., Ivcevic, Z., & Brackett, M. A. (2018). Gender identity and sexual identity labels used by U.S. high school students: A co-occurrence network analysis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(2), 243-252.
Zhang, L. et al. (2018). The research on social networks public opinion propagation influence models and its controllability. China Communications, 15(7), 98-110.
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