Drawings and Writings by Children and Young People from Wartime in Europe. Inclusion in the UNESCO World Documentary Heritage Register 2025 and the IRAND Research Network
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Argitaratua
2025-12-09
Jutta Ströter-Bender
Kunibert Bering
Laburpena
The 20th century is considered the heyday of European children's and youth drawing culture. The dramatic events of the years 1914-1950 form the framework for the proposed selection of 19 exceptional European collections: drawings, paintings, writings and two youth diaries. These drawings are documents of serious events and provide deep insight into biographies, private lives and social changes.
In 2025, the collection of drawings, compiled by Jutta Ströter-Bender and Kunibert Bering in collaboration with Kristell Gilbert (Musée de l'Education Rouen), was included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register
Nola aipatu
Ströter-Bender, J., & Bering, K. . (2025). Drawings and Writings by Children and Young People from Wartime in Europe. Inclusion in the UNESCO World Documentary Heritage Register 2025 and the IRAND Research Network. Cabás. Hezkuntza Eta Ondare Historikoari Buruzko Nazioarteko Aldizkaria, (34), 178–214. https://doi.org/10.1387/cabas.27768
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References
Bering, K. (2024). Approaching Children's Drawings Methodologically as Repositories of Events: The Sinking of the "Lusitania" and Other Drawings From 1915, Qualitative Inquiry (QI) 30, https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/RR2YZY6XH8UIMBZGDATG/full (OnlineFirst / April 2024) https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004241227636
Bering, K., Ströter-Bender, J. (2025). Views of the World. Drawings by children and young people of the 20th century in war and peace (1914-1950). With abstracts in English /French. Athena / wbv.
Bibliothèque nationale de France (ed.). (1994). "Garde-le toujours". Lettres et dessins des enfants d'Izieu, 1943-1944 (Collection de Sabine Zlatin), catalogue par Laure Beaumont-Maillet et Anne Grynberg, Association du Musée-mémorial d'Izieu.
Bibliothèque nationale de France (2019). Manuscrits de l'extrême. Prison, passion, péril, possession. https://www.bnf.fr/fr/agenda/manuscrits-de-lextreme. (last accessed on 15/06/2024)
Biscarat, P.-J. (2003). Les enfants d'Izieu, 6 avril 1944: un crime contre l'humanité. Grenoble: Musée dauphinois. Éd. Le Dauphiné libéré.
Biscarat, P.-J. (2014). Izieu, des enfants dans la Shoah. Fayard
Blodig, V. (2003). Terezín in the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Guide to the permanent exhibition of the Ghetto Museum in Terezín. Oswald.
Boissard, S., Le Bail, L., Vidaud, D. (2022). On jouait, on s'amusait, on chantait. Paroles et images des enfants d'Izieu, 1943-1944, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Maison d'Izieu.
Corti, W. R. (1944). A village for suffering children. DU. Schweizerische Monatszeitschrift 8, 50-52.
Corti, W. R. (1950). On the way. Freundschaft. 1, 1.
Corti, W. R. (1955). The road to the Pestalozzi Children's Village, Gute Schriften.
Dávila, P., Naya, L. M. (2026). La Declaración de Ginebra sobre los Derechos del Niño (1924) a través de dibujos infantiles. Historia y Memoria de la Educación, 19
D'Onville, M. (2014). Adrienne Jouclard en Mouvement (exhibition catalogue). Prim Service.
Drolshagen, A. (2021). The First World War. Die Kinderzeichnungen im Musem Elbinsel-Wilhelmsburg, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.), Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage). Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (Kontext: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum, pp. 113-121. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-113
Drygas, J., Ströter-Bender, J. (eds.) (2022). 1914 - 1915. The distant war so close. The Wilhelmsburg children's drawings on the First World War. With contributions by Kunibert Bering and Carolyn Kay (Irand Series Volume I).
Edmondson, R., Jordan, L., Prodan, A. C. (eds) (2019). The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. Key Aspects and Recent Developments. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18441-4
Gilbert, K. (2021). The Adrienne Jouclard Collection of the Musée national de l'Éducation (Munaé) in Rouen: The drawings of 14- to 16-year-old girls from a school in Paris about the civilian escape in May-June 1940, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder - The Children's Heritage. Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (Kontext: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 55-65. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-55
Goldman Rubin, S. (2000). Fireflies in the Dark. The Story of Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the Children of Terezin. Holiday House.
Heuberger, G. (1991). From the Bauhaus to Terezín. Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the Children's Drawings from the Terezin Ghetto Camp (Exhibition of the Jewish Museum of the City of Frankfurt am Main, 1991). Jewish Museum.
Hošková-Weissová, H. (2004). Draw what you see. Drawings of a child from Theresienstadt/ Terezín, Göttingen (Wallstein) https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/RR2YZY6XH8UIMBZGDATG/full
Jewish Museum in Prague (online): https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
Kass, S., Jewish Museum in Prague (eds.) (2015). Children's Drawings from the Terezín Ghetto (1941-1945). A contribution to the culture of remembrance and legacy. Tectum.
Kay, C. (2014). War Pedagogy in the German Primary School Classroom During World War One, in: War and Society, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, UNSW Canberra:, 33/1, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1179/0729247313Z.00000000028
Kay, C. (2019). Children's Drawings as Historical Sources for the Study of Education, in: Berdelmann, K. (ed.): Transformations of School, Teaching and Profession, Springer. 185-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21928-4_10
Klarsfeld, S. (2001). La Shoah en France, Coffret de 4 volumes: (1, Vichy-Auschwitz : la solution finale de la question juive en France ; 2, Le calendrier de la persécution des Juifs de France, 1940-1944 : 1er juillet 1940-31 août 1942 ; 3, Le calendrier de la persécution des Juifs de France, 1940-1944 : 1er septembre 1942-31 août 1944 ; 4, Le mémorial des enfants juifs déportés de France). Fayard.
Laven, R. (2006). Franz Čižek and Viennese Youth Art. Schlebrügge.
Leonhard, J.-F. (2021). Book Review: Jutta Ströter-Bender (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage. Provenance Research and the History of Children's and Youth Drawings Collections. Museums, Archives, Private Collections and "Lost Collections". Nomos - Tectum, in: Jordan, L. (ed.): UNESCO Memory of the World SCEaR Newsletter 2/2021, pp. 45-46. International Council on Archives - UNESCO SCEaR Newsletter (ica.org). (Last accessed on 16 June 2024)
Meda, J. (2007). Sgorbi e scarabocchi. Guida ragionata alle collezioni storiche di disegni infantile. History of Education & Children’s Literature, II (1), 349-372
Meda, J. (2014). Los dibujos infantiles como fuentes históricas: perspectivas heurísticas y cuestiones metodológicas. Revista Brasileira de História da Educação, 14 (3), 139-165. https://doi.org/10.4025/rbhe.v14i3.605
O'Herlihy, T., Ströter-Bender, J., Kulturamt Saarbrücken (eds.) (2020). The Thank You Book from Saarbrücken, 1946. A Memory of the Hunger Winter. Drawings, letters and poems by girls in the post-war period. Tectum.
Perlstein, S.; Hirsch, D.; Setrum, M. (1942). Journal de Chabannes, Fond Félix Chévrier, code CCCLXXIV-1, (original manuscript in the archives of the Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris), digitally accessible: https://ressources.memorialdelashoah.org/notice.php?q=id:589440
Pignot, M. (2004). La guerre des crayons. Quand les petits Parisiens dessinaient la Grande Guerre. Parigramme.
Pignot, M., Tournieroux, A. (eds.) (2024). Enfants en Guerre, Guerre l’Enfance ? De 1914 à nos jours, La Contemporaine / Aninmosa. https://doi.org/10.3917/cnrs.hobso.2023.01.0027
Pintel, S. (avec la collaboration de G. Manbille) (2004). L'Enfant d'Izieu. HarperCollins.
Roberts, S. (2017). Place, Life Histories and the Politics of Relief: Episodes in the Life of Francesca Wilson, Humanitarian Educator Activist. University of Birmingham.
Rösch, M. (2023). The Wilhelm Daiber Collection in the Erlangen School Museum, School History Collection of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (unpublished exposé).
Sadowska, D. (2019). Moje przeżycia wojenne. Wypracowania dzieci z 1946 roku / My wartime experiences. Children's compositions from 1946, pp. 12-19 (in Polish) and pp. 20-27 (in English). Instytut Pileckiego.
Scheffler, I. (2015). Between memory and contemporary document. Children's drawings from the 1930s and 1940s from the collection of the Jewish artist and art educator Julo Levin, Impulse.Kunstdidaktik 17,43-53.
Ströter-Bender, J. (2021). Provenance research and collections of historical children's and youth drawings, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage). Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (KONTEXT: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 3-28. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-29
Trunkwalter, M. (2021). Charlotte Weber and the collection of drawings by the "Buchenwald children" (1946), Archive for Contemporary History at ETH Zurich, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder - The Children's Heritage. Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (KONTEXT: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-189
Vidau, D. (ed.) (2018). De Nuremberg à Izieu juger le crime contre l'humanité: Mémoire du procès Barbie, 30 ans après. Fage.
Weber, C. (1994). Against the tide of darkness. As a carer in Swiss refugee homes 1942-1945. Chronos.
Wittgenstein, L. (1984). On Certainty (Work Edition Vol. 8). Suhrkamp.
Wittmann, B. (2018). Bedeutungsvolle Kritzeleien. A cultural and knowledge history of children's drawings, 1500-1950. Diaphanes.
Bering, K., Ströter-Bender, J. (2025). Views of the World. Drawings by children and young people of the 20th century in war and peace (1914-1950). With abstracts in English /French. Athena / wbv.
Bibliothèque nationale de France (ed.). (1994). "Garde-le toujours". Lettres et dessins des enfants d'Izieu, 1943-1944 (Collection de Sabine Zlatin), catalogue par Laure Beaumont-Maillet et Anne Grynberg, Association du Musée-mémorial d'Izieu.
Bibliothèque nationale de France (2019). Manuscrits de l'extrême. Prison, passion, péril, possession. https://www.bnf.fr/fr/agenda/manuscrits-de-lextreme. (last accessed on 15/06/2024)
Biscarat, P.-J. (2003). Les enfants d'Izieu, 6 avril 1944: un crime contre l'humanité. Grenoble: Musée dauphinois. Éd. Le Dauphiné libéré.
Biscarat, P.-J. (2014). Izieu, des enfants dans la Shoah. Fayard
Blodig, V. (2003). Terezín in the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Guide to the permanent exhibition of the Ghetto Museum in Terezín. Oswald.
Boissard, S., Le Bail, L., Vidaud, D. (2022). On jouait, on s'amusait, on chantait. Paroles et images des enfants d'Izieu, 1943-1944, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Maison d'Izieu.
Corti, W. R. (1944). A village for suffering children. DU. Schweizerische Monatszeitschrift 8, 50-52.
Corti, W. R. (1950). On the way. Freundschaft. 1, 1.
Corti, W. R. (1955). The road to the Pestalozzi Children's Village, Gute Schriften.
Dávila, P., Naya, L. M. (2026). La Declaración de Ginebra sobre los Derechos del Niño (1924) a través de dibujos infantiles. Historia y Memoria de la Educación, 19
D'Onville, M. (2014). Adrienne Jouclard en Mouvement (exhibition catalogue). Prim Service.
Drolshagen, A. (2021). The First World War. Die Kinderzeichnungen im Musem Elbinsel-Wilhelmsburg, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.), Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage). Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (Kontext: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum, pp. 113-121. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-113
Drygas, J., Ströter-Bender, J. (eds.) (2022). 1914 - 1915. The distant war so close. The Wilhelmsburg children's drawings on the First World War. With contributions by Kunibert Bering and Carolyn Kay (Irand Series Volume I).
Edmondson, R., Jordan, L., Prodan, A. C. (eds) (2019). The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. Key Aspects and Recent Developments. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18441-4
Gilbert, K. (2021). The Adrienne Jouclard Collection of the Musée national de l'Éducation (Munaé) in Rouen: The drawings of 14- to 16-year-old girls from a school in Paris about the civilian escape in May-June 1940, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder - The Children's Heritage. Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (Kontext: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 55-65. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-55
Goldman Rubin, S. (2000). Fireflies in the Dark. The Story of Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the Children of Terezin. Holiday House.
Heuberger, G. (1991). From the Bauhaus to Terezín. Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and the Children's Drawings from the Terezin Ghetto Camp (Exhibition of the Jewish Museum of the City of Frankfurt am Main, 1991). Jewish Museum.
Hošková-Weissová, H. (2004). Draw what you see. Drawings of a child from Theresienstadt/ Terezín, Göttingen (Wallstein) https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/RR2YZY6XH8UIMBZGDATG/full
Jewish Museum in Prague (online): https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
Kass, S., Jewish Museum in Prague (eds.) (2015). Children's Drawings from the Terezín Ghetto (1941-1945). A contribution to the culture of remembrance and legacy. Tectum.
Kay, C. (2014). War Pedagogy in the German Primary School Classroom During World War One, in: War and Society, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, UNSW Canberra:, 33/1, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1179/0729247313Z.00000000028
Kay, C. (2019). Children's Drawings as Historical Sources for the Study of Education, in: Berdelmann, K. (ed.): Transformations of School, Teaching and Profession, Springer. 185-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21928-4_10
Klarsfeld, S. (2001). La Shoah en France, Coffret de 4 volumes: (1, Vichy-Auschwitz : la solution finale de la question juive en France ; 2, Le calendrier de la persécution des Juifs de France, 1940-1944 : 1er juillet 1940-31 août 1942 ; 3, Le calendrier de la persécution des Juifs de France, 1940-1944 : 1er septembre 1942-31 août 1944 ; 4, Le mémorial des enfants juifs déportés de France). Fayard.
Laven, R. (2006). Franz Čižek and Viennese Youth Art. Schlebrügge.
Leonhard, J.-F. (2021). Book Review: Jutta Ströter-Bender (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage. Provenance Research and the History of Children's and Youth Drawings Collections. Museums, Archives, Private Collections and "Lost Collections". Nomos - Tectum, in: Jordan, L. (ed.): UNESCO Memory of the World SCEaR Newsletter 2/2021, pp. 45-46. International Council on Archives - UNESCO SCEaR Newsletter (ica.org). (Last accessed on 16 June 2024)
Meda, J. (2007). Sgorbi e scarabocchi. Guida ragionata alle collezioni storiche di disegni infantile. History of Education & Children’s Literature, II (1), 349-372
Meda, J. (2014). Los dibujos infantiles como fuentes históricas: perspectivas heurísticas y cuestiones metodológicas. Revista Brasileira de História da Educação, 14 (3), 139-165. https://doi.org/10.4025/rbhe.v14i3.605
O'Herlihy, T., Ströter-Bender, J., Kulturamt Saarbrücken (eds.) (2020). The Thank You Book from Saarbrücken, 1946. A Memory of the Hunger Winter. Drawings, letters and poems by girls in the post-war period. Tectum.
Perlstein, S.; Hirsch, D.; Setrum, M. (1942). Journal de Chabannes, Fond Félix Chévrier, code CCCLXXIV-1, (original manuscript in the archives of the Mémorial de la Shoah, Paris), digitally accessible: https://ressources.memorialdelashoah.org/notice.php?q=id:589440
Pignot, M. (2004). La guerre des crayons. Quand les petits Parisiens dessinaient la Grande Guerre. Parigramme.
Pignot, M., Tournieroux, A. (eds.) (2024). Enfants en Guerre, Guerre l’Enfance ? De 1914 à nos jours, La Contemporaine / Aninmosa. https://doi.org/10.3917/cnrs.hobso.2023.01.0027
Pintel, S. (avec la collaboration de G. Manbille) (2004). L'Enfant d'Izieu. HarperCollins.
Roberts, S. (2017). Place, Life Histories and the Politics of Relief: Episodes in the Life of Francesca Wilson, Humanitarian Educator Activist. University of Birmingham.
Rösch, M. (2023). The Wilhelm Daiber Collection in the Erlangen School Museum, School History Collection of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (unpublished exposé).
Sadowska, D. (2019). Moje przeżycia wojenne. Wypracowania dzieci z 1946 roku / My wartime experiences. Children's compositions from 1946, pp. 12-19 (in Polish) and pp. 20-27 (in English). Instytut Pileckiego.
Scheffler, I. (2015). Between memory and contemporary document. Children's drawings from the 1930s and 1940s from the collection of the Jewish artist and art educator Julo Levin, Impulse.Kunstdidaktik 17,43-53.
Ströter-Bender, J. (2021). Provenance research and collections of historical children's and youth drawings, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder (The Children's Heritage). Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (KONTEXT: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 3-28. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-29
Trunkwalter, M. (2021). Charlotte Weber and the collection of drawings by the "Buchenwald children" (1946), Archive for Contemporary History at ETH Zurich, in: Ströter-Bender, J. (ed.): Das Erbe der Kinder - The Children's Heritage. Provenance research and collection history of children's and youth drawings (KONTEXT: Kunst, Vermittlung, Kulturelle Bildung, vol. 30), Nomos – Tectum. pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828876668-189
Vidau, D. (ed.) (2018). De Nuremberg à Izieu juger le crime contre l'humanité: Mémoire du procès Barbie, 30 ans après. Fage.
Weber, C. (1994). Against the tide of darkness. As a carer in Swiss refugee homes 1942-1945. Chronos.
Wittgenstein, L. (1984). On Certainty (Work Edition Vol. 8). Suhrkamp.
Wittmann, B. (2018). Bedeutungsvolle Kritzeleien. A cultural and knowledge history of children's drawings, 1500-1950. Diaphanes.
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